佛教對於往生後肉體的處理有坐龕、坐缸、火葬、土葬四種,有法師認為,如果選擇以坐缸的方式來處理肉體,萬一技術處理有問題,也可能無法成為「肉身」,成敗並不全然取決於「願力、修持」。

「坐缸」其實主要目的應該是在於不鋪張,如果開缸後色身腐化,就以火化的方式再進行處理,如果沒有腐化則成為「肉身」,也就是一般所說的「肉身菩薩」,但並不是每個人都有此因緣。有法師強調,不應該為了成就肉身不壞,而對肉體進行防腐劑的處理,如果注射防腐劑,就是一種欺騙信眾的行為。

台灣宗教學者鄭水萍曾表示,「肉身不腐」在中國大陸新疆、九華山,台灣汐止慈航堂等處都有出現,由於僧侶長期茹素,加上修行靜坐,圓寂前還要禁食,因此將許多容易腐敗的物質都排除掉,比較不容易腐化,但外在環境如溼度也很重要,而且即使化成肉身,時間久了還是要貼上金箔來防止腐化。

據了解,在台北市曾經有一位專門為肉身菩薩裝金身的人,叫作陳國偵。年紀五十多歲的陳國禎從事安裝金身的工作已超過三十年,主業是經營佛像雕刻的工作,他表示,爲肉身菩薩安裝金身的過程相當漫長,快則半年,慢則要一年,而且要心細、手巧,他曾經對媒體公開爲肉身菩薩安裝金身的幾個步驟:

1.乾燥雖然開缸的肉身菩薩已經呈現乾燥的狀況,水分大部分已經蒸發,不過還是可能會有一些水分殘餘,所以必須使用藥材協助進行完全的風乾,才不會有細菌產生。

2.上漆的目的一樣在於讓遺體更加乾燥,而且可以預防蟲咬,所用的漆幾乎完全來自大陸,而必須重複以不同性質的漆料在遺體塗上好幾層,不同的漆料將會發揮不同的功能。

3.塑身由於肉身菩薩在坐缸的時候往往採用坐姿,所以開缸後姿勢大多已經,但是如果寺方有需求,就必須漸進的進行調整。另外由於坐缸後的遺體多以風乾,爲了讓肉身菩薩裝上金身後看起來比較福泰一點,還必須在肉身菩薩的身上貼上紗布。

4.貼金最後是最重要的貼金工作,也就是在肉身菩薩的身上貼上一層層的金箔紙。一方面由於因為黃金抗氧化的能力比較強,另外一方面也是為了表示尊崇的敬意,所有的金箔都是由純正的黃金打造,因此,肉身菩薩可都價值不斐。
(
以上取自http://tw.knowledge.yahoo.com/question/question?qid=1405120812891)

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舍利是印度語,或譯作室利羅、設利羅;譯義為「骨身」,「體」,「遺身」,即死後身體的總稱。我國對於祖先的遺體,都安葬全屍於墳墓,墳墓便成為我們民族宗教的尊敬對象。但印度俗例多用火葬,火葬後的骨灰──舍利,藏在金屬的,石質的,陶質的容器中,埋在地下,稍稍高出地面,即稱為塔,塔是高顯的意思,這等於我國的墳了。藏舍利的容器,無論是金屬的,石質的,有特殊形式,可以供奉在屋裡,也就稱為塔。這種藏舍利的塔,就是中國寶塔的來源。印度重火葬,塔裡供奉舍利,舍利與塔,在印度民族宗教中,也就成為尊敬的對象了!

依於尊敬遺體──全屍或骨灰的道理,就是生前剃下的髮,剪下的爪,還有牙齒,都是遺體──舍利而受到尊敬。所以佛教中,有髮舍利、爪舍利、牙舍利,及髮塔、爪塔、牙塔等。

遺體何以被尊敬?一般人對父母眷屬的遺體,由於生前的有恩有愛,所以或安葬全屍,或收拾骨灰──舍利,敬藏在塔裡。特別是對於父母、祖父母等,表示著愛敬「追遠」的孝德。這點,中國與印度,都是一樣的。如對社會而有功有德,他的墳墓,在中國會受到一般人的尊敬。佛教中,教主釋迦牟尼佛,與弟子 ──菩薩或羅漢,以及後世的高僧大德,火化後的舍利,受到佛教徒普遍的尊敬供奉。幾年前,印度的散琪古塔,發現了佛的大弟子,舍利弗與目犍連的舍利,受到印度政府的尊敬。其後作為最珍貴的禮物,奉贈錫蘭的佛教界去供奉。

何以火化後會有此舍利子?我國流傳的信念是:如人久離淫欲,精髓充滿,就會有堅固的舍利子。據我所見而論,這不外血肉精髓骨脂等,經火化的融冶而凝成。這在我國僧眾間,原是平常而並不太希奇的。民國卅六年春,太虛大師在上海圓寂,我初次見到了舍利子。那年秋天,途經蘇州,特地去木瀆靈岩山,瞻禮印光大師的舍利子。這次,又見到章嘉大師的舍利子。論數目,章嘉大師要多些;但晶瑩文采的舍利子,虛、印二老要多一些。幾年前,臺灣后里毘盧寺的妙塵優婆夷,汐止靜修院的達心比丘尼,都曾發見有舍利子。去年,曼谷振東法師,生前是平常的應赴僧,但火化後卻發現舍利子甚多。去年底,家師在星加坡去世,據廣洽法師等函告,得舍利子甚多。我的師弟還郵寄數顆給我,現供奉於小銀塔中。舍利子,原是平常而並不太希奇的。而太虛、印光、章嘉大師等舍利子,值得我們尊敬,建塔供奉,那是由於他生前的功德──慈悲、智慧、自利利人的德業。他們的舍利子,是戒定慧等功德所熏修的,所以是「甚難可得,無上福田」!

(取自http://tw.knowledge.yahoo.com/question/question?qid=1008011203819)

 

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世上最神奇的西藏喇嘛不朽之身軀
Dead Buddhist Monk Is Alive
Bumninorn.ru, Feb 25, 2007

前蘇聯韓波寺(Hambo)的住持,喇嘛Itigelov1927年時辭世,並被封箱安葬,76年後的2002910日,他的墓穴在他的親友、政府官員與專家共同見証下,被重新挖掘,出土的坐棺是一只普通木箱,喇嘛 Itigelov以蓮花坐姿,栩栩如生重現世上。

令人驚異的是他的身軀宛若生前,決非一般乾癟屍體;而是柔軟如棉,肌肉與皮膚保有彈性,關節依然轉動,內部組織完好,容顏如故。
見照片如下:

 

 

 

 

 

 

在蘇俄歷史上,喇嘛Itigelov是著名人物,他先在Anninsky Datsan大學就讀,得到醫學與哲學學位,也創立藥理學百科全書。

1911
年他被任命為俄國境內最大佛寺,韓波寺(Hambo)的住持,19131917他參與沙皇的社會改革活動,受邀300週年的Romanov皇室皇宮慶,開啟聖彼德堡的第一座佛寺,1917519尼古拉2世頒給予他一座Stanislav獎章。
在第一次世界大戰其間,他創立了Buryat兄弟會,幫軍隊籌錢糧、衣服、藥品等以抗外敵,並建立以喇嘛醫生為主的醫院以幫傷兵,所以他又獲得聖安那獎章與其他國家榮譽獎章。

1926
年他建議佛教徒離開俄國,因紅軍已到了(他自已並未曾離開俄國)1927年他75歲,他告訴寺內其他喇嘛要靜坐,他預知時至準備圓寂,不久他就逝去。

他留下遺書,要求死後依佛教傳統坐缸方式將其裝箱入墓穴,他請求其他喇嘛在數年過後,將其墓穴開掘,在1955年與1973年寺方曾開挖過又予回埋,因當時是共產政權當政,共党不容宗教有其存活空間,喇嘛因而不曾告訴外界。
蘇聯共產政權瓦解後,2002年終於開挖並移至Buryat寺以方便寺方與科學家與病理學家檢測;
政府公告檢測,表示喇嘛肉身保存良好,沒用防腐劑,所有肌肉與內部組織、關節、皮膚都完好如生。多年過後,Itigelov喇嘛肉身,依然置放於沒有溫度與濕度空調,並與人接觸的大氣中,至於為何依然不會朽壞,也沒人知道。
過去以防腐或乾縮方式保存的屍身,在世界各地都有,如埃及木乃尹,基督教的聖徒,共產領導人...等,有些屍身是保存在凍土中,不過只要接觸大氣立即腐壞。
Itigelov
喇嘛肉身,是世上唯一經確認的不朽身驅,至今既沒生過黴菌也不曾乾縮或腐壞。
喇嘛生前曾說過要留給世人一個信息,這或許是無言的信息,現今正是我們去了解的時刻。

(取自http://tw.knowledge.yahoo.com/question/question?qid=1008011203819)

Dead Buddhist Monk Is Alive

Bumninorn.ru, Feb 25, 2007

Moscow, Russia -- “Exhumation of the body of Hambo Lama Itigelov took place September 10 th, 2002 on the territory of cemetery near the city of Ulan Ude ( Russian Federation ). He died and was buried in 1927 and the exhumation was performed in presence of relatives, officials, and specialists”.

This was the information that appeared in Russian mass media regarding Buryat Lama who was exhumed from the grave in the beginning of the 21 st century. The grave contained a wooden box and there was a sitting Buddhist lama in ‘lotus’ pose. His body was preserved as if it was mummified, however it was not. Soft muscles and skin, folding joints. The body was covered with silk clothes and fabric.

Hambo Lama Itigelov is a real person quite well known in Russian history. He studied in Anninsky Datsan (Buddhist university in Buryatia, nowadays there are ruins only) and obtained degrees in medicine and philosophy (on the nature of emptiness), he created an encyclopedia of pharmacology.

In 1911 Itigelov became a Hambo Lama (the head of Buddhist church in Russia ). During the period from 1913 till 1917 he participated in social actions of the Tsar, being invited to 300-year anniversary of Romanov’s house, opened the first Buddhist temple in St. Petersburg , and Nikolai II gave him St. Stanislav award on 19 th of March, 1917.

During the First World War Itigelov created and inspired the organization called “Buryat brothers”. He was helping the army with money, meals, clothes, medicaments, he also built a set of hospitals with lama doctors helping wounded soldiers. For that he got St. Anna award and others.

In 1926 Itigelov advised the Buddhist monks to leave Russia , since ‘the red teaching was coming’ (Itigelov himself never left Russia ). In 1927, being 75, he told lamas to begin meditation, since he said he was preparing to die. Lamas did not want to perform this meditation because Itigelov was still alive. Thus, Itigelov began to meditate by himself, lamas joined him and soon he died.

Ititgelov left a testament where he asked to bury him as he was, sitting in lotus pose in the cedar box on traditional cemetery. It was done. There was also a statement, where he asked other monks to exhume him after several years. (This is the exciting point – this means he knew that his body would be preserved). This was done in 1955 and in 1973 by Buddhist monks but they were scared to tell everybody about this, since communist regime did not leave any space for religion in society. Only in 2002 the body was finally exhumed and transferred to Ivolginsky Datsan (a residence of today’s Hambo Lama) where it was closely examined by monks and, which is now more important, by scientists and pathologists. The official statement was issued about the body – very well preserved, without any signs of decay, whole muscles and inner tissue, soft joints and skin. The interesting thing is that the body was never embalmed or mummified.

Two years passed. Itigelov’s body is now kept open air, in contact with other people, without any temperature or humidity regimes. How Itigelov keeps this condition, nobody knows.

This is the ONLY KNOWN AND CONFIRMED CASE OF IMPERISHABLE BODY throughout the whole world. Embalming and mummifying is well known among different nations and peoples – Chili (Chinchora), Egypt mummies, Christian Saints, communist leaders and others. Some bodies were found in permafrost, however when they contacted with oxygen atmosphere they perished within several hours.

However, there are descriptions of such things in Buddhist texts, but there are no confirmed examples. Well, now there is.

For two years after the exhumation of Itigilov’s body it does not perish nor decay, no fungus, no negative things happen to it. Itigelov said before he died that he left a message to all peoples on Earth. This message contains no words. Now it is our turn to understand it.

 

 

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